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DoubleTaxation.verificarea rezidenței fiscale pentru contribuabilii români din străinătate

Activitate independentă (PFA) sau societate: Statele Unite ale Americii — comparație fiscală

Impozite și contribuții pentru activitatea independentă, în fiecare sistem de impozitare disponibil, și pentru propria societate — pentru un rezident al țării alese, la același profit.

Se încarcă…

Forma

Sole proprietor / LLC cu un singur membru

Persoană fizică autorizată (PFA)Sole proprietorship / single-member LLC

Profitul se raportează în Schedule C din Form 1040. Plătiți impozit federal de 10–37%, self-employment tax de 15,3% pe 92,35% din profit (partea de 12,4% doar până la 184.500 USD), impozit Michigan 4,25% și Detroit 2,4%. Jumătate din SE tax se deduce din venit; deducerea QBI este de până la 20% din profit, dar consultanța e „specified service”, deci dispare între 201.750 și 276.750 USD venit impozabil.

Condiții

IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026: tax table for unmarried individuals, standard deduction $16,100, maximum zero / 15% rate amounts $49,450 / $545,500, §199A threshold $201,750 and phase-in to $276,750, §199A(i) minimum deduction $400) · IRS, Topic no. 554, Self-employment tax (92.35% of net earnings; $400 minimum) · IRS, Self-employment tax (Social Security and Medicare taxes): 15.3% = 12.4% + 2.9%; for 2026 the first $184,500 is subject to the social security part · IRS, Topic no. 560, Additional Medicare tax (0.9% above $200,000) · 26 U.S.C. §199A as amended by Pub. L. 119-21 (OBBBA) §70105: (b)(3)(B), (d)(2)–(3) specified service trade or business, (i) minimum deduction · IRS, Instructions for Form 8995-A (QBI includes the deductible part of self-employment tax; consulting is a specified service trade or business) · Michigan Department of Treasury, State individual income tax rate for 2026 tax year (4.25%) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Calendar year tax information (2026 personal exemption $5,900) · City of Detroit, Income Tax Information (residents 2.4%, corporations 2.00%, personal exemption $600)

Corporație (C corporation)

SocietateC corporation

Corporația plătește impozit federal pe profit de 21%, Michigan Corporate Income Tax de 6% (doar la încasări brute de cel puțin 350.000 USD; cu creditul pentru afaceri mici efectiv 1,8% cât timp profitul nu depășește 160.000 USD) și impozit Detroit de 2%. Dividendele către dumneavoastră sunt calificate: federal 0 / 15 / 20%, peste 200.000 USD încă 3,8% NIIT, plus 4,25% Michigan și 2,4% Detroit.

Condiții

IRS, Instructions for Form 1120 (Schedule J line 1a: taxable income × 21%; line 17: state and local taxes deductible) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Corporate Income Tax (6%; no filing if apportioned gross receipts under $350,000; small business alternative credit 1.8%) · MCL 206.671 (Income Tax Act of 1967), small business alternative credit: $180,000 shareholder test and reductions from $160,000 · Michigan Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2020-26, Small business alternative credit · MCL 206.623(2): taxes on or measured by net income added back to the CIT base · City of Detroit, Income Tax Information (residents 2.4%, corporations 2.00%, personal exemption $600) · IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026: tax table for unmarried individuals, standard deduction $16,100, maximum zero / 15% rate amounts $49,450 / $545,500, §199A threshold $201,750 and phase-in to $276,750, §199A(i) minimum deduction $400) · IRS, Topic no. 559, Net investment income tax (3.8%; $200,000 single) · Michigan Department of Treasury, State individual income tax rate for 2026 tax year (4.25%) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Calendar year tax information (2026 personal exemption $5,900)

Ipoteze de calcul

Tipul activității: Servicii IT / de consultanță pentru clienți persoane juridice

Surse: IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026: tax table for unmarried individuals, standard deduction $16,100, maximum zero / 15% rate amounts $49,450 / $545,500, §199A threshold $201,750 and phase-in to $276,750, §199A(i) minimum deduction $400) · IRS, Topic no. 554, Self-employment tax (92.35% of net earnings; $400 minimum) · IRS, Self-employment tax (Social Security and Medicare taxes): 15.3% = 12.4% + 2.9%; for 2026 the first $184,500 is subject to the social security part · IRS, Topic no. 560, Additional Medicare tax (0.9% above $200,000) · IRS, Topic no. 559, Net investment income tax (3.8%; $200,000 single) · 26 U.S.C. §199A as amended by Pub. L. 119-21 (OBBBA) §70105: (b)(3)(B), (d)(2)–(3) specified service trade or business, (i) minimum deduction · IRS, Instructions for Form 8995-A (QBI includes the deductible part of self-employment tax; consulting is a specified service trade or business) · IRS, Instructions for Form 1120 (Schedule J line 1a: taxable income × 21%; line 17: state and local taxes deductible) · Michigan Department of Treasury, State individual income tax rate for 2026 tax year (4.25%) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Calendar year tax information (2026 personal exemption $5,900) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Corporate Income Tax (6%; no filing if apportioned gross receipts under $350,000; small business alternative credit 1.8%) · MCL 206.671 (Income Tax Act of 1967), small business alternative credit: $180,000 shareholder test and reductions from $160,000 · Michigan Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2020-26, Small business alternative credit · MCL 206.623(2): taxes on or measured by net income added back to the CIT base · City of Detroit, Income Tax Information (residents 2.4%, corporations 2.00%, personal exemption $600)

Verificat: 4 noiembrie 2026

Calcul estimativ pentru un caz tipic: nu include TVA, facilitățile pentru început de activitate, alte venituri și deducerile pentru familie. Nu reprezintă consultanță fiscală.