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DoubleTaxation.境外中国纳税人税收居民身份测试

个体经营还是开公司:英国税负比较

以所选国家税收居民、利润相同为前提,比较个体经营在各种可选计税方式下的税费和社保缴费,以及自有公司的税费和缴费。

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形式

个体经营者(sole trader)

个体工商户Sole trader (self-employed)

以个人名义经营。对利润(营业额减费用)在12,570英镑个人免税额以上按20%/40%/45%缴纳所得税(Income Tax),并缴纳第4类国民保险(Class 4 National Insurance):12,570至50,270英镑的利润按6%,超过部分按2%。全部在年度自我评估(Self Assessment)申报表中申报。

条件

HMRC, Rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027 (Personal Allowance £12,570; basic rate band £37,700; additional rate from £125,140) · GOV.UK, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances: income over £100,000 (Personal Allowance reduced by £1 for every £2) · GOV.UK, Self-employed National Insurance rates (2026 to 2027: Class 4 6% on £12,570–£50,270, 2% above; Class 2 treated as paid from £7,105)

自有有限公司(Ltd)

公司Private limited company (Ltd)

公司就利润缴纳公司税(Corporation Tax):50,000英镑以下19%,250,000英镑以上25%,两者之间按25%并享受边际减免(marginal relief)。作为股息支付给您的利润按个人所得征税:超过个人免税额和500英镑股息免税额的部分按10.75%/35.75%/39.35%(2026年4月6日起的税率)。

条件

HMRC, Corporation Tax rates and allowances (financial year 2026: 19% / 25%, limits £50,000 / £250,000, standard fraction 3/200) · HMRC Company Taxation Manual CTM03925, Marginal Relief formula (CTA 2010 s.18B) · GOV.UK, Tax on dividends (2026 to 2027: dividend allowance £500; 10.75% / 35.75% / 39.35%) · Finance Act 2026, section 4 (dividend ordinary rate 10.75%, dividend upper rate 35.75% from 2026-27)

计算假设

经营活动: 面向企业客户的IT/咨询服务

来源: HMRC, Rates and thresholds for employers 2026 to 2027 (Personal Allowance £12,570; basic rate band £37,700; additional rate from £125,140) · GOV.UK, Income Tax rates and Personal Allowances: income over £100,000 (Personal Allowance reduced by £1 for every £2) · GOV.UK, Self-employed National Insurance rates (2026 to 2027: Class 4 6% on £12,570–£50,270, 2% above; Class 2 treated as paid from £7,105) · HMRC, Corporation Tax rates and allowances (financial year 2026: 19% / 25%, limits £50,000 / £250,000, standard fraction 3/200) · HMRC Company Taxation Manual CTM03925, Marginal Relief formula (CTA 2010 s.18B) · GOV.UK, Tax on dividends (2026 to 2027: dividend allowance £500; 10.75% / 35.75% / 39.35%) · Finance Act 2026, section 4 (dividend ordinary rate 10.75%, dividend upper rate 35.75% from 2026-27) · GOV.UK, Register for VAT (threshold £90,000 taxable turnover in the last 12 months)

核查日期: 2026年11月4日

按典型情况估算:未计入增值税、创业优惠、其他收入和家庭相关扣除。不构成税务建议。