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DoubleTaxation.境外中国纳税人税收居民身份测试

个体经营还是开公司:印度税负比较

以所选国家税收居民、利润相同为前提,比较个体经营在各种可选计税方式下的税费和社保缴费,以及自有公司的税费和缴费。

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形式

个体经营,查账征收

个体工商户Sole proprietorship — default tax regime (Income-tax Act, 2025, section 202)

利润(收入减费用)即所有人的所得,按第202条累进税率0–30%征税,另加4%附加税(cess)。依第156条减免,所得不超过12 lakh卢比时无需缴税。

条件

Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 202 (rates), s. 156 (rebate) · Finance Act, 2026, s. 3(4) Table Sl. No. 10, s. 3(5), s. 3(15) (surcharge, marginal relief, cess)

个体经营,推定征税

个体工商户Sole proprietorship — presumptive taxation of professions (Income-tax Act, 2025, section 58(2), Table Sl. No. 3; former section 44ADA)

无论实际费用多少,所得均按总收入的50%推定(可自愿申报更高金额),无需详细记录费用;随后适用第202条税率和4%附加税。

条件

Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 58(2) Table Sl. No. 3, s. 58(11)(b) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 62(4) (specified professions) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 202, s. 156

私人有限公司 / 一人公司

公司Private limited company / One Person Company (Companies Act, 2013) — tax under section 200 of the Income-tax Act, 2025

公司缴纳22%所得税+10%附加费(surcharge)+4%附加税(cess),合计利润的25.168%。股息计入所有人所得,按第202条税率征税。

条件

Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 200 (tax on income of certain domestic companies) · Finance Act, 2026, s. 3(4) Table Sl. No. 9 (surcharge 10%) and Sl. No. 10(v) (15% cap on dividends), s. 3(15) (cess) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 202, s. 156

有限责任合伙(LLP)

公司Limited liability partnership (Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008)

LLP按利润的30%纳税(利润超过1 crore卢比时另加12%附加费),并缴4%附加税(cess)。合伙人分得的LLP利润免税。

条件

Finance Act, 2026, First Schedule, Part I-B, Paragraph C (firm 30%) and Paragraph F, Table 1 Sl. No. 4, Table 2 Sl. No. 4 (surcharge 12%, marginal relief) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 58(11)(b) (LLP excluded from presumptive taxation)

计算假设

经营活动: 面向企业客户的IT和咨询服务

来源: Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 202 (Indian Kanoon text) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 156 (rebate) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 58 (presumptive taxation) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 62(4) (specified professions incl. information technology) · Income-tax Act, 2025, s. 200 (domestic company 22%) · Finance Act, 2026 (No. 4 of 2026), s. 3; First Schedule, Part I-B, Paragraphs C, E, F · Budget Speech 2025-26 — new-regime worked examples (same slabs for 2026-27)

核查日期: 2026年11月4日

按典型情况估算:未计入增值税、创业优惠、其他收入和家庭相关扣除。不构成税务建议。