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DoubleTaxation.海外で暮らす・働く人のための税務上の居住者判定

個人事業か法人か: 米国の税負担比較

選択した国の居住者が同じ利益を得た場合の、個人事業(利用できる各課税方式)と自分の法人の税金・社会保険料を比較します。

読み込み中…

形態

個人事業主 / 単一メンバーLLC

個人事業主Sole proprietorship / single-member LLC

利益はForm 1040のSchedule Cで申告する。連邦所得税10~37%、利益の92.35%に対する自営業税15.3%(12.4%の部分は184,500ドルまで)、ミシガン州税4.25%、デトロイト市税2.4%を払う。自営業税の半分は所得から控除でき、QBI控除は利益の最大20%だが、コンサルティングは「特定サービス業」のため課税所得201,750~276,750ドルの間で段階的になくなる。

要件

IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026: tax table for unmarried individuals, standard deduction $16,100, maximum zero / 15% rate amounts $49,450 / $545,500, §199A threshold $201,750 and phase-in to $276,750, §199A(i) minimum deduction $400) · IRS, Topic no. 554, Self-employment tax (92.35% of net earnings; $400 minimum) · IRS, Self-employment tax (Social Security and Medicare taxes): 15.3% = 12.4% + 2.9%; for 2026 the first $184,500 is subject to the social security part · IRS, Topic no. 560, Additional Medicare tax (0.9% above $200,000) · 26 U.S.C. §199A as amended by Pub. L. 119-21 (OBBBA) §70105: (b)(3)(B), (d)(2)–(3) specified service trade or business, (i) minimum deduction · IRS, Instructions for Form 8995-A (QBI includes the deductible part of self-employment tax; consulting is a specified service trade or business) · Michigan Department of Treasury, State individual income tax rate for 2026 tax year (4.25%) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Calendar year tax information (2026 personal exemption $5,900) · City of Detroit, Income Tax Information (residents 2.4%, corporations 2.00%, personal exemption $600)

C法人(C corporation)

法人C corporation

会社は連邦法人税21%、ミシガン州法人所得税6%(総収入350,000ドル以上の場合のみ。小規模事業者代替控除により利益160,000ドルまでは実質1.8%)、デトロイト市法人税2%を払う。あなたへの配当は適格配当で、連邦税0/15/20%、200,000ドル超にはさらに純投資所得税(NIIT)3.8%、ミシガン州4.25%とデトロイト市2.4%。

要件

IRS, Instructions for Form 1120 (Schedule J line 1a: taxable income × 21%; line 17: state and local taxes deductible) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Corporate Income Tax (6%; no filing if apportioned gross receipts under $350,000; small business alternative credit 1.8%) · MCL 206.671 (Income Tax Act of 1967), small business alternative credit: $180,000 shareholder test and reductions from $160,000 · Michigan Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2020-26, Small business alternative credit · MCL 206.623(2): taxes on or measured by net income added back to the CIT base · City of Detroit, Income Tax Information (residents 2.4%, corporations 2.00%, personal exemption $600) · IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026: tax table for unmarried individuals, standard deduction $16,100, maximum zero / 15% rate amounts $49,450 / $545,500, §199A threshold $201,750 and phase-in to $276,750, §199A(i) minimum deduction $400) · IRS, Topic no. 559, Net investment income tax (3.8%; $200,000 single) · Michigan Department of Treasury, State individual income tax rate for 2026 tax year (4.25%) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Calendar year tax information (2026 personal exemption $5,900)

計算の前提

事業の種類: 法人顧客向けのIT・コンサルティングサービス

出典: IRS, Rev. Proc. 2025-32 (2026: tax table for unmarried individuals, standard deduction $16,100, maximum zero / 15% rate amounts $49,450 / $545,500, §199A threshold $201,750 and phase-in to $276,750, §199A(i) minimum deduction $400) · IRS, Topic no. 554, Self-employment tax (92.35% of net earnings; $400 minimum) · IRS, Self-employment tax (Social Security and Medicare taxes): 15.3% = 12.4% + 2.9%; for 2026 the first $184,500 is subject to the social security part · IRS, Topic no. 560, Additional Medicare tax (0.9% above $200,000) · IRS, Topic no. 559, Net investment income tax (3.8%; $200,000 single) · 26 U.S.C. §199A as amended by Pub. L. 119-21 (OBBBA) §70105: (b)(3)(B), (d)(2)–(3) specified service trade or business, (i) minimum deduction · IRS, Instructions for Form 8995-A (QBI includes the deductible part of self-employment tax; consulting is a specified service trade or business) · IRS, Instructions for Form 1120 (Schedule J line 1a: taxable income × 21%; line 17: state and local taxes deductible) · Michigan Department of Treasury, State individual income tax rate for 2026 tax year (4.25%) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Calendar year tax information (2026 personal exemption $5,900) · Michigan Department of Treasury, Corporate Income Tax (6%; no filing if apportioned gross receipts under $350,000; small business alternative credit 1.8%) · MCL 206.671 (Income Tax Act of 1967), small business alternative credit: $180,000 shareholder test and reductions from $160,000 · Michigan Revenue Administrative Bulletin 2020-26, Small business alternative credit · MCL 206.623(2): taxes on or measured by net income added back to the CIT base · City of Detroit, Income Tax Information (residents 2.4%, corporations 2.00%, personal exemption $600)

確認日: 2026年11月4日

典型的なケースの概算です。消費税(付加価値税)、開業時の優遇措置、その他の所得、家族に関する控除は含みません。税務アドバイスではありません。