DoubleTaxationImpuestos sobre el sueldo: Estados Unidos
Cuántos impuestos y aportes se pagan por un sueldo (Estados Unidos), cuánto queda neto y qué regímenes impositivos especiales existen.
Cálculo para un sueldo bruto de EUR 60.000 por año
| Sueldo bruto | US$ 70.326 ≈ EUR 60.000 |
|---|---|
| Impuesto a la renta | |
| Federal income tax | US$ 6.642 ≈ EUR 5.667 |
| Michigan income tax | US$ 2.738 ≈ EUR 2.336 |
| City of Detroit income tax | US$ 1.673 ≈ EUR 1.428 |
| Aportes del trabajador | |
| Social Security tax (OASDI) | US$ 4.360 ≈ EUR 3.720 |
| Medicare tax | US$ 1.020 ≈ EUR 870 |
| Sueldo neto | US$ 53.893 ≈ EUR 45.980 |
| Contribuciones e impuestos del empleador | |
| Social Security tax (OASDI), employer | US$ 4.360 ≈ EUR 3.720 |
| Medicare tax, employer | US$ 1.020 ≈ EUR 870 |
| Federal unemployment tax (FUTA) | US$ 42 ≈ EUR 36 |
| Michigan unemployment insurance tax | US$ 265 ≈ EUR 226 |
| Costo laboral del empleador | US$ 76.013 ≈ EUR 64.852 |
Solo se incluye una parte de los impuestos y cargas directos del país: el impuesto a la renta del trabajo y los aportes obligatorios. No se incluyen: impuestos sobre el patrimonio y los inmuebles; impuestos sobre dividendos, intereses y otras rentas del capital; impuestos sobre herencias y donaciones; impuestos indirectos como el IVA, los impuestos internos y los derechos de importación.
Cifras oficiales de la OCDE para el salario promedio (Taxing Wages 2026, datos de 2025): carga impositiva del trabajador 24,3 %, con contribuciones del empleador 30,0 %. OECD
Regímenes impositivos especiales
Estos regímenes no se incluyen en el cálculo anterior: cada uno tiene sus propios requisitos.
FICA exemption for nonresident alien students, teachers and researchers (F-1, J-1, M-1, Q-1)
Para quién: Nonresident aliens in F-1, J-1, M-1 or Q-1 status: students, and J-1/Q-1 teachers and researchers for less than 2 calendar years.
Wages for services allowed by the visa status are exempt from Social Security and Medicare (7.65% employee share) while the person is a nonresident alien under IRC 7701(b); the exemption ends on a change of status (e.g. to H-1B) or on becoming resident. Federal and state income taxes still apply.
Qualified business income deduction (Section 199A)
Para quién: Individuals with business income from sole proprietorships, partnerships, S corporations, trusts and estates; not employees or C corporations.
Deduction of up to 20% of qualified business income (capped at 20% of taxable income less net capital gains); limits apply to specified service businesses and above income thresholds. Made permanent by the OBBBA (2025).
Base legal: Internal Revenue Code § 199A; IRS, Business owners can claim a qualified business income deduction
Inversionista Residente Individual (Código de Incentivos, Ley 60-2019) — Puerto Rico, US territory
Para quién: Individuals relocating to Puerto Rico (a US territory with its own tax system) who become bona fide residents with a decree; for applications after 31 Dec 2026 — not resident in Puerto Rico in the 6 years before relocating.
Preferential Puerto Rico tax on dividends, interest and post-move capital gains: decrees applied for by 31 Dec 2026 — 0% (until 31 Dec 2035); applications after 31 Dec 2026 — 4% until 31 Dec 2055 (Act 38-2026; pending Fiscal Oversight Board endorsement when checked). US citizens are exempt from federal tax only on Puerto Rico-source income; wages earned there remain subject to FICA.
Base legal: Código de Incentivos de Puerto Rico (Ley 60-2019), as amended by Ley 38-2026; DLA Piper summary
Foreign earned income exclusion (IRC § 911)
Para quién: US citizens and residents with a foreign tax home: bona fide residents of a foreign country for a full tax year, or physically present abroad 330 full days in 12 months
Earnings for work abroad are excluded from taxable income — up to USD 132,900 in 2026; a housing exclusion or deduction may be added. The remaining income is taxed at the rates that would apply without the exclusion.
Base legal: 26 U.S.C. § 911; Rev. Proc. 2025-32, sec. 4.39; IRS, Foreign earned income exclusion
Enhanced deduction for seniors (IRC § 151(d)(5)(C))
Para quién: Taxpayers aged 65 or over at year-end with a Social Security number; married couples only on a joint return
An extra USD 6,000 deduction for each person aged 65+ (USD 12,000 if both spouses qualify) on top of the existing senior standard deduction. It is reduced by 6% of modified AGI over USD 75,000 (USD 150,000 joint). Applies for 2025 to 2028.
Residencia fiscal
Criterios de residencia fiscal: Estados Unidos
- Usted es ciudadano estadounidense: Estados Unidos grava su renta mundial viva donde viva, y la regla de desempate de un convenio no cambiaría eso (cláusula de salvaguardia); con Argentina, además, no hay convenio.
- Tuvo green card este año: según el § 7701(b) usted es residente en EE. UU. con independencia de los días pasados en Estados Unidos.
- Sus días ponderados de tres años llegan a 183: cumple el criterio de presencia sustancial y es residente en EE. UU.
Supuestos
- Cálculo según la metodología de la OCDE (Taxing Wages): impuesto a la renta, incluidos los impuestos locales, y aportes del trabajador; persona soltera sin hijos, período fiscal 2026, tipo de cambio del BCE del 2 de enero de 2026.
- Single filer resident in Detroit, Michigan (as in OECD Taxing Wages); standard deduction USD 16,100; Michigan (4.25%) and Detroit (2.4%) taxes on gross income less the personal exemption (USD 5,900 and 600).
- FICA: Social Security 6.2% up to USD 184,500 and Medicare 1.45% on both sides; Additional Medicare Tax 0.9% above USD 200,000 — employee only.
- Employer also pays FUTA at 0.6% (6% less the 5.4% credit) on the first USD 7,000 and Michigan unemployment insurance tax at an average 2.94% (OECD estimate) on the first USD 9,000.
- Refundable EITC (federal and Michigan) not modelled — for a single person without children it phases out from about USD 19,000; employer health insurance and retirement plans are private.
- Impuestos locales: localidad: Detroit, Michigan
- Período fiscal: 2026-01-01 – 2026-12-31
- Tipo de cambio: 1 EUR = 1.1721 USD (ECB euro foreign exchange reference rate (USD), 02/01/2026)
Fuentes
- IRS, Tax inflation adjustments for tax year 2026 incl. OBBBA amendments (Rev. Proc. 2025-32): standard deduction 16,100; single brackets 12,400 / 50,400 / 105,700 / 201,775 / 256,225 / 640,600
- SSA, Contribution and benefit base 2026: 184,500
- IRS Topic no. 751, Social Security and Medicare withholding rates (6.2%, 1.45%, Additional Medicare 0.9% over 200,000)
- IRS Topic no. 759, FUTA (6.0% on first 7,000; credit up to 5.4%)
- Michigan Treasury, 2026 individual income tax rate 4.25%
- Michigan Treasury, calendar year tax information 2026 (withholding 4.25%, personal exemption 5,900)
- Michigan Treasury, City of Detroit Income Tax Withholding Guide (resident rate 2.4%, exemption 600)
- University of Michigan, Michigan city income tax withholding certificate, updated 16.02.2026 (Detroit 2.4% residents, 1.2% non-residents)
- Michigan UIA, Michigan Employer Advisor: November 2025 — taxable wage base stays at $9,000 per employee in 2026 for qualifying contributing employers ($9,500 otherwise)
- OECD Taxing Wages 2026, United States country note (Detroit, Michigan; FUTA net 0.6%; Michigan UI 2.94% average)
- ECB euro foreign exchange reference rates, USD, 2 January 2026: 1.1721
Datos revisados: 01/11/2026. Cálculo orientativo para un caso típico. No constituye asesoramiento impositivo.